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Saturday, June 2


hmm.. ok.. today is the first day in my whole life attending a tuition.. yah..
it was ok.. went thru the first chp.. abt cells.. let me recap without looking into the textbk..

hmm.. between plant cells and animal cells. the only thing dat is the same between these 2 is 1)nucleus, 2) cytoplasm and 3)cell surface membrane/plasma membrane..

function of a nucleus: control the activities of a cell or so called "control" station. it contains chromatids. got nuclear envelope..bla.. bla..

function of cytoplasm: dis is where most chemical reactions take place.. it contains all the organelles (vacuole, centrioles,mitochondrion..)

mitochondrion is responsible to release energy for cell respiration.

centrioles is for cell division..(no need to noe)

vacuole.. [during digestion, dis will entrap food particles and remove water]

chromatin contains all your DNA...

function of a cell membrane: it regulates the uptake of nutrients and the removal of toxic waste..
also, it regulates the exchange rate in order to maintain a normal cell..

ok then... differences in plant and animal cells..
plant cell has cell wall but not an animal cell.. the cell wall is made of cellulose and it maintains the shape of the plant. a plant cell has chloroplast but not an animal cell. chloroplasts contains green pigments which traps energy for making food.. food is stored as starch inthe chloroplast.. for an animal cells, excess carbo is stored as glycogen granules..
both plant and animal cells have vacoule but for a plant cell, its vacoule is large and centralised. whereas for an animal cell,it has numerous vacoules..
a plant cell has tonoplast whereas an animal cell does not have.. tonoplast is formed by a layer of cytoplasm..
a plant cells has starch grains but not an animal cell..

ok.. now about the specialised cells.. they are root hair cell, RBC and xylem vessels..
root hair cells is long and narrow to increase S.A :vol ratio.. for efficient absorption of water and mineral salts fromthe soil..
RBC has red pigments called haemoglobin to transport oxygen from lungs to all parts of the body.. it is circular biconcave to increase SA to vol ratio.. for faster diffusion of oxygen...
xylem vessel transport water and mineral salts to the stems and leaves.. it doesnt have cross walls and protoplasm so water can move easily through the lumen.. lignin prevents the collapse of the plant.. so, when bundled together, the xylem vessels provides mechanical supports for the plant..

yah.. then about cells ,, tissues,, organs,, systems.. end..

did some exercises.. managed to do.. next lesson will be on chp 3 and 4..

then test..hopefully can do lar.. i'll study hard..